To manage the heritage resources in relation to maritime and underwater cultural heritage much, to provide assistance to the unit manager, as well as to provide administrative and technical suppo. Statistics of the english and dutch east india companies from the seventeenth century on are relevant. It holds not only information about the history of humankind and the social importance of the oceans but also about the history of climate change and its impact on humanity. Links international committee on the underwater cultural. Managing threats to underwater cultural heritage sites.
B1 abstract tanzania has a long and unique maritime history. Perhaps most importantly, ratification sends a clear signal to other nations that the united states respects their cultural heritage and will facilitate u. Underwater cultural heritage at risk old shipwrecks and new dredging 37 prepared. Along with their underwater environment, they form an underwater cultural landscape. This will be an inventory of all known and potential underwater cultural heritage within the bat and british antarctic maritime cultural heritage located elsewhere in the world, including in the rest of antarctica. The unesco conventionon underwater cultural heritage and the.
An introduction presented by sarah watkinskenney wednesday, august 16, 2017, at 11. Pdf study on protection of underwater cultural heritage in. International protection of underwater cultural heritage. Pdf the unesco 2001 convention on the protection of the. It is an international treaty, which represents the response of the international community to the increasing looting and destruction of underwater cultural heritage. The international committee on the underwater cultural heritage icuch was founded in 1991 by icomos australia to promote international cooperation in the protection and management of underwater cultural heritage and to advise the international council on monuments and sites icomos on issues related to underwater cultural heritage around the world. The unesco convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage is the international communitys response to the destruction of submerged archaeological sites by treasurehunters and industrial activities.
Underwater cultural heritage in finland museovirasto. Protection of underwater cultural heritage in international waters adjacent to the uk a jnapc perspective 21 years on robert yorke following a fractious and very public exchange of letters in 1988 in the columns of the times. Underwater cultural heritage 1996 ratified by the 11th icomos general assembly in sofia, bulgaria, october 1996. Study on protection of underwater cultural heritage in u. Shipwrecks and other underwater cultural remains are facing the increasing risk of serious damage or destruction through the. Underwater cultural archaeological heritage is considered to be all traces of human existence having a cultural, historical or archaeological character which have been partially or totally under water, periodically or.
Secretariat of the of the unesco convention on the. International committee on the underwater cultural heritage. The unesco conventionon underwater cultural heritage and. A central difficulty in concluding this convention was defining underwater cultural heritage. Strategies towards sustainable conservation and management ichumbaki, e. The main purpose of jch is to publish original papers which comprise previously unpublished data and present innovative methods concerning all. The management of the underwater cultural heritage. Activities directed at underwater cultural heritage shall not adversely affect the underwater cultural heritage more than is necessary for the objectives of the project.
Decisionmaking about transmission and safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage does not happen in a vacuum but is embedded in a larger system of gender and power relations. Maarleveld and others published underwater cultural heritage and international efforts to protect it,notably through unesco. This includes three million shipwrecks such as titanic, belitung and the 4,000 shipwrecks of the sunken fleet of kublai khan. Pdf climate change and underwater cultural heritage. The convention provides a standard for managing activities directed at underwater cultural heritage wherever it is located. Underwater cultural archaeological heritage is considered to be all traces of human existence having a cultural, historical or archaeological character which have been partially or totally under water, periodically or continuously, for at least 50 years such as. Heritage officer maritime and underwater cultural heritage. Recommendation 1486 2000 of the parliamentary assembly of the council of europe on maritime and fluvial cultural heritage 270 16. Jul 16, 2017 philipsburg, sint maarten the minister of education, culture, youth and sport ecys would hereby like to inform the general public of the following. Unesco convention on the protection of the underwater. Chinas ratification will ensure the international protection of underwater cultural heritage on the maritime silk road. Activities directed at underwater cultural heritage must use nondestructive techniques and survey methods in preference to recovery of objects.
Underwater cultural heritage international law oxford. The protection of underwater cultural heritage through in situ preservation shall be considered as the first option. The newly adopted united nations education, scientific and cultural organizations convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage provides the first universal protection regime for this value archaeological resource. Waters and the 2001 unesco convention chapter pdf available january 2014 with 351 reads how we measure reads. It can be an archaeological site, a monument, an artwork, an underwater shipwreck, or a cultural tradition or ritual.
Among the meritorious efforts to mitigate this situation, in mozambique and worldwide, the 2001 unesco convention for the protection of the underwater cultural heritage is an outstanding initiative and needs to be rati. In recent years, it has attracted increasing attention from the scientific community and the general public. Underwater cultural heritage sustainable development. Pdf underwater cultural heritage survey in lagos bay. Jul 01, 2015 to round off the week, sunday was spent in lectures on some of the theory behind underwater cultural heritage management and museology, presented by mark and sally. The protection of the underwater cultural heritage. Definition of cultural heritage cif icomos home page.
If playback doesnt begin shortly, try restarting your device. Initially referring exclusively to the monumental remains of cultures, the concept of heritage has gradually been. A trained lawyer, she is the author of several publications on intellectual property law and cultural heritage protection, in particular the unesco 2001 convention, as well as a book on the legal protection of industrial design. Convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage. Council of europe on the underwater cultural heritage 267 15. Archaeological excavations inside callao cave in penablanca, cagayan valley, northern luzon unearthed the earliest human evidence dated to 67,000 years ago mijares et al. Ulrike koschtial is an assistant programme specialist in the museum and cultural objects section of unesco, in charge of the 2001 convention. The australian government is committed to protecting australias underwater cultural heritage. The current situation of maritime cultural property under the interna tional law of the sea 1. Underwater remains of human activity are called underwater cultural heritage. In contrast to the limited publication policy when the full text of an agreement may not be reproduced in the unts in its entirety, the objective of applying the partial publication method to a particular situation is to speed up the publishing effort by e.
Introduction this charter is intended to encourage the protection and management of underwater cultural heritage in inland and inshore waters, in. The unesco convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage, adopted in 2001, is intended to enable states to better protect their submerged cultural heritage. The us had one of the largest delegations and perhaps the most controversial, as in. Clyde presented a case study on the management proposal for the world war ii wrecks at subic bay, philippines giving me another reason to return to that part of the world as soon. The protection and management of underwater cultural heritage uch is a challenging topic, as it involves the interplay of united states u. Ethics, underwater cultural heritage, and international law. At underwater cultural heritage accepted for implementation in indian waters by the standing committee of the central advisory board on archaeology, in its meeting held on 14th 15th october 2004 i. Underwater cultural heritage encompasses a vast legacy of millions of ancient shipwrecks, sunken cities, prehistoric sites and submerged landscapes. Chinas maritime silk road initiative and the protection. Underwater cultural heritage nautical archaeological society nas the nautical archaeology society nas wants to allow everyone to benefit from the unique and fascinating resource that is the worlds maritime heritage. Since the 1960s, unesco has been actively cooperating with governments, national authorities, ngos, scientists and police forces to improve the protection of the underwater cuand is a central ltural heritage player in this discipline.
On top of that, ther e is the search for documented wrecks and document ed episodes in national history. Introduction this charter is intended to encourage the protection and management of underwater cultural heritage in inland and inshore waters, in shallow seas and in the deep oceans. While the term cultural heritage is generally used in europe, in the usa the term cultural resources is in more. Underwater cultural heritage act 2018 department of. International protection of underwater cultural heritage robert c. Often, the protection of cultural heritage and underwater nature go hand in hand, with each promoting the other. Cultural heritage includes both physical objects and intangible knowledge and traditions that we inherit from past generations, safeguard in the present, and bestow for the benefit of future generations. It discusses looting and illicit trafficking that threatens all heritage is, and the special threats to underwater cultural heritage from application of the law of finds and salvage.
Legal protection of the underwater cultural heritage. The term heritage has evolved considerably over time. Natural hazards a threat for immovable cultural heritage. The most notable feature in religious ritual is the division between purity and pollution. International law literature begun to focus increasingly on the legal protection of underwater cultural heritage in the 1970s and 1980s based on two developments. The convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage is a treaty that was adopted on 2 november 2001 by the general conference of the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization unesco. The underwater cultural heritage is a field in which there has been growing international interest. Pdf ethics, underwater cultural heritage, and international law. This shared history left various signatures which are needed by present and future generations for their cultural, scientific and. Underwater cultural heritage united nations educational. Pdf underwater cultural heritage and international. Heritage, encompasses tangible and intangible, natural and cultural, movable and immovable and documentary assets inherited from the past and transmitted to future generations by virtue of their irreplaceable value. The depth of water to the sea floor is approximately 2730m, with the upper sections of the wreck approximately 16 meters below the surface. Australian underwater cultural heritage intergovernmental.
Underwater cultural heritage rules means the rules made under section 61. There are about 8,000 historic shipwrecks, sunken aircraft and other underwater cultural heritage sites in australian waters, representing some of the unique and irreplaceable physical evidence of our past. The unesco conventionon underwater cultural heritage and the international law of the sea markus rau i. Underwater cultural heritage encompasses all traces of human existence that lie or have lain underwater and have a cultural or historical character. Cultural heritage management chm is the vocation and practice of managing cultural heritage.
Administration of cultural heritage3 sach is the leader of uch conservation team, while the national center of underwater cultural heritage fig. The underwater cultural heritage uch includes all the material evidence of human activities carried on in the marine environment, particularly as evidenced on the sea floor. The 2001 unesco convention on the protection of the underwater cultural heritage has been elaborated and adopted by the member states of unesco. Unesco convention on the protection of the underwater heritage. Tanzanias maritime and underwater cultural heritage assets. Pdf underwater cultural heritage law study ole varmer.
It represents an invaluable source of information on ancient civilizations and offers an opportunity to further develop diving activities, museums and tourism. The 2001 unesco convention on the protection of the. It is a branch of cultural resources management crm, although it also draws on the practices of cultural conservation, restoration, museology, archaeology, history and architecture. The journal of cultural heritage jch is a multidisciplinary journal of science and technology for studying problems concerning conservation and awareness of cultural heritage in a wide framework. Underwater heritage maritime and underwater cultural. United nations educational, scientific and cultural organization. Blumberg, attorneyadvisor, office of oceans affairs university of virginia center for oceans law and policys annual conference on law of the sea issues in the east and south china seas xiamen, china march 12, 2005. Underwater cultural heritage conservation and the convention. Another factor for genderrelated changes concerns effective participation in the negotiation process and the issue of who has influence. Euunesco information meeting on underwater cultural heritage. The 1954 hague convention and its two 1954 and 1999 protocols duration.
The oceans are the past and the future of human life. Policy for the protection of sunken warships 19 january 2001 273 17. Protection of the underwater cultural heritage yorke, robert joint nautical archaeology policy committee, united kingdom 12. Information brochure on the 2001 convention pdf frequently asked questions pdf learn about the convention. The convention is intended to protect all traces of human existence having a cultural, historical or archaeological character which have been under water for over 100. Statement by the president of the united states on u. The number of wrecks of 289 threats to underwater cultural heritage. Underwater cultural heritage is enormously rich and has immense potential.
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